Program Member Offices (PMOs) manage and fund the participation of researchers working in a member country or consortium in IODP activities. PMOs nominate scientists for IODP expeditions and to serve on IODP boards and panels. They are generally responsible for broadening national interest and participation in IODP research opportunities within their countries. An individual scientist's PMO is determined by the location of his or her employer or primary academic affiliation, not by citizenship or adjunct status.